Center for Children, Families, and Communities at Central Michigan University

Concrete evolution is the most readily visible of the child evolution domains.  Parents notice peak and weight also equally the development of both fine motor and gross (big) motor skills.  It'south of import to retrieve that what we can see physically corresponds to what we can't come across which is encephalon evolution.  In all developmental domains, the brain is promoting exploration and movement simply when exploration and motility occur it also stimulates brain development including both neurogenesis (growth of new brain cells) and synaptogenesis (forming new connections betwixt brain cells).  In fact at various times during the first few years of life, a baby's brain produces and then many connections that they end up with more than in an adult brain.  Afterwards through a process called pruning, synaptic connections that are non used by the kid are eliminated.

Parents play an important role in all of the developmental domains and physical development is equally of import.  Parent'southward bonding with their child develops a sense of feeling safe to explore and positive feedback encourages a kid to reach out more than and push harder.  Parents also provide guidance and support through a process known as "scaffolding".  Providing objects to encourage a infant to reach and grasp, holding the hands of a toddler while they take a few steps, teaching potty grooming, help a kid with buttoning and zipping clothing, helping them learn to ride a bike and playing catch are merely a few examples of how parents provide scaffolding to help children develop physical abilities.

In addition to encouraging and teaching specific skills, parents should promote a good for you lifestyle for their children.  This includes helping them to get acceptable sleep, swallow a well-balanced diet and stay active physically.  In this endeavor, the best approach for parents to accept is to model the behavior besides as teach and encourage these very important health habits.  Teaching condom and maintaining a safe home environs (especially in the early years) is too very important.  Keeping up with regular check-ups and keeping immunizations up to engagement is important equally well.

If you are concerned about possible delays in your child'due south physical development we suggest you use the American Academy of Pediatrics: Motor Delay Tool and then talk over any concerns you have with your pediatrician.

Tips for Parents

A Few Things Parents Tin Do To Promote Concrete Development

• Play with your child.  Play games that encourage physical development.  With infant's, it could be as simple as showing them an interesting object and encouraging them to catch information technology and cheering them as they endeavor.  Later it is playing outdoor games that encourage skills.
• For bang-up ideas for play activities that encourage physical development as well as other types of evolution we highly recommend the Gymboree Play and Learn Series.
• Provide your kid with toys as well as simple household objects that will encourage concrete play.
• When they are ready accept them to the park.  Allow them run.  Run with them.  Let them play on the equipment like the swings and slides.
• If you lot have a puddle, get out in a circuitous with a pool or visit friends with a pool or live near natural bodies of water, teach your child to swim at an early on age.  Check around for programs near you.
• During the summer, make utilise of programs offered by local recreation and parks department and often community colleges every bit well that offer all types of teaching in sports and other physical activities.
• Learn yoga as a family, get a video and go for it.
• Become hiking as a family.
• Can't always play outside?  Become Wii Fit and enjoy every bit a family.  Each fellow member should ready their own individual goals and encourage each other as well.
• Purchase toys that are age advisable and that encourage concrete development and outdoor play here are some suggestions:  Sports and Outdoor Toys past Historic period Grouping
• Encourage the evolution of fine motor skills by providing historic period-advisable fine art materials.
• Encourage your child to try out different organized sports.  Hopefully, they will notice one or two they savour.
• Limit screen time.  Encourage physical activities and playing with "real toys" rather than "virtual toys".  These two books provide some useful suggestions:Screen Time: How Electronic Media–From Baby Videos to Educational Software–Affects Your Young Child and Reset Your Kid'due south Encephalon: A Four-Week Plan to End Meltdowns, Raise Grades, and Boost Social Skills past Reversing the Effects of Electronic Screen-Time.
• Encourage your child to participate in afterward-schoolhouse sports.
• Encourage your kid to participate in scouts.

Recommended Books for Parents

Ages and Stages: A Parent'southward Guide to Normal Childhood Development  A comprehensive parent's guide to your child'southward psychological development from birth through historic period 10 Written in an engaging, practical fashion, Ages and Stages offers you the benefits of the most current enquiry on kid development, featuring helpful tips and techniques to foster your child'southward maturation. Charles Schaefer and Theresa Foy DiGeronimo tell you what behaviors you can wait as your child grows and how you can help him or her to advance to the next level of development. They include numerous examples, stories, and activities you lot can employ immediately to positively influence your child'south development.

The Family Fitness Fun Book: Healthy Living for the Whole Family Your babyhood memories are full of adventure and activities with friends, family unit, and neighbors, But in this technology-driven world, your children spend more time inside than out. If you're trying to think of ways to make the outdoors fun again and introduce your children to the archetype games yous remember,The Family Fitness Fun Bookis for you!

It's time to spend that precious time with your family unit–all while having fun and getting fit.The Family Fitness Fun Book contains activities for all ages, and groups, in all kinds of weather condition, making sure your Saturdays (and every mean solar day) will always exist active and exciting!

Bring back those fun-filled days, whether it is summertime or winter, rainy or sunny!The Family Fitness Fun Volumeis designed to be simple and piece of cake-to-use, featuring:

· A searchable chart to assist your selection of the perfect game for your school party or family unit picnic
· Helpful icons to help you observe an appropriate activity for whatever size group of whatsoever age
· Capacity divided by weather, infinite, and environment conditions

Proud Parents' Guide to Raising Athletic, Balanced, and Coordinated Kids: A Lifetime of Benefit in Just 10 Minutes a Day Winner of 34 different publishing awards, this 10-minutes-per-day comprehensive program helps children ages 0 to 6 develop coordination.

Tennis pro and main coach Karen Ronney offers a step-by-pace handbook with over 200 games for parents who want to bound-get-go their child's cardinal skills, self-confidence, and sports potential while creating a lifestyle of family fitness. She offers an in-depth explanation of a child's evolution, their learning styles, with physical and brain anatomy and growth facts, and how uncomplicated, fun activities tin be the key to unlock their abilities in every area of life. Includes contempo scientific and academic research, progress charts, how to incorporate purposeful play, and even helps for families with special-needs kids.

Gymboree Series On Activities for Children Nosotros highly recommend this series for parents because the books provide numerous "how to practise information technology" play activities to nurture (provide the scaffolding) kid development.  From babies to young children they embrace cognitive, linguistic communication, physical and social evolution.  Not simply will these activities stimulate evolution but build a strong parent and child human relationship.  Plus they are fun for both parents and kids.

Videos on Concrete Development

More Articles on Concrete Development

Physical Developmental Milestones

Infant (0 to 18 m) Toddler (18 m - 3y) Preschooler (3y - 5y) School Historic period (6y - 12y) Teens (13-xviii)

Birth to Six Months

Gross (Big) Motor Skills

• Lifts head and chest when on the stomach.
• Rolls from back to side or side to back.
• Rolls completely over from back or tummy.
• Sits with back up.
• Holds head cock.
• Tin can enhance him/herself up on forearms (while on tummy) and hold head upwardly
• Rolls from back to tummy (by 4-6 months)

Fine (Small) Motor Skills

• Reaches for objects.
• Holds objects for short periods of fourth dimension before dropping them.
• Touches and pats bottle.
• Commonly responds to objects or faces every bit they move
• Plays with fingers, easily, and toes
• Holds and manipulates objects; sucks on everything!

Six to 12 Months

Gross (Large) Motor Skills

• Progresses from sitting steady when supported to sitting without support.
• Crawls on hands and knees.
• Pulls to standing position.
• Walks with help.
• Stands alone.
• Learns to crawl, stand upward and walk
• Sits without support (by 8 months)
• Begins to cruise and eventually walk
• Develops eye-mitt coordination

Fine (Pocket-sized) Motor Skills

• Reaches for small objects.
• Places objects in a container.
• Picks up medium and large objects.
• Changes objects from one hand to another.
• Plays with ii toys; 1 in each mitt.
• Points with fingers.
• Transfers toys from hand to hand
• Sees virtually everything with good vision
• Develops heart-hand coordination

12 to 18 Months

Gross (Big) Motor Skills

• Stands alone.
• Walks without support; starting and stopping with control.
• Walks backward with a pull toy.
• Runs stiffly.
• Squats down to selection up an object and stands up.
• Climbs up stairs; creeps downwardly backward one at a fourth dimension.
• Climbs out of the crib and playpen.
• Tin can throw a ball
• Walks well
• Can walk while holding an object

Fine (Small-scale) Motor Skills

• Turns several pages of a book at one time.
• Scribbles on paper with crayon.
• Releases brawl with slight thrust.
• Picks up pocket-size objects between pollex and forefinger.
• Can open a small box.
• Holds a spoon with a fist.
• Feeds self with fingers.
• Holds and drinks from a loving cup.
• Picks up pocket-sized objects with pointer finger and thumb
• Tin build a belfry of cubes
• Turns pages in a book

18 To 24 Months

Gross (Large) Motor Skills

• Runs stiffly.
• Jumps off the footing with both feet.
• Bends at the waist to option upwards an object.
• Walks upwards and down steps, ane step at a time.
• Throws objects overhead.
• Kicks a large brawl.
• Climbs onto low objects.
• Kicks backward and frontward
• Stands on a balance beam
• Walks up stairs with help
• Runs well
• Enjoys riding pocket-size wheeled riding toys

Fine (Small) Motor Skills

• Manages spoon.
• Makes vertical marks and circles with crayon (pencil).
• Turns doorknobs.
• Pulls down zippers.
• Shows paw preference, but switches hands often.
• Assists in dressing and undressing self.
• Can draw scribbles
• Drinks from a straw

2 to Three Years

Gross (Large) Motor Skills

• Is constantly in motion.
• Jumps off low objects.
• Pushes self on wheeled toys.
• Runs but has difficulty stopping.
• Seats self in pocket-size chairs.
• Alternates feet going upstairs, simply not downstairs.
• Kicks brawl.
• Throws ball overhand; no aim.
• Catches objects with arms extended and elbows stiff.
• Walks backward
• Tin residue on i foot (past 3 years)
• Walks up and down stairs independently

Fine (Small-scale) Motor Skills

• Turns individual pages of a book.
• Screws lids on and off.
• Builds crude towers of six or more than blocks.
• Scribbles circles and horizontal and vertical lines.
• Takes simple objects apart and puts back together.
• Uses spoon; spills a lot.
• Strings big chaplet
• Holds scissors correctly
• Zips and snaps

3 to Four Years

Gross (Big) Motor Skills

• Hops, skips, jumps, and runs.
• Makes sudden stops and starts.
• Walks on tiptoes.
• Hops on one pes.
• Marches to a rhythm.
• Alternates steps when climbing stairs; comes down one step at a time.
• Throws ball past thrusting with arm and shoulder; catches with arms held out directly.
• Swings on a swing.
• Walks a low balance beam.
• Rides tricycle.

Fine (Minor) Motor Skills

• Builds block towers of well-nigh 9 or 10 blocks.
• Holds pencils and crayons with control.
• Draws direct lines and copies circles.
• Draws three-part person.
• Cuts with scissors.
• Unbuttons wearing apparel.
• Pulls up large zippers.
• Uses spoon and fork.

Four to V Years

Gross (Large) Motor Skills

• Whirls around turns somersaults and hangs on bars.
• Hops several times in a row.
• Climbs large play equipment.
• Jumps frontward using a forward arm action.
• Jumps up and down.
• Throws ball overhead with less body move.
• Bounces a ball and catches the brawl with elbows in front of his body.
• Can hop on one foot, skip and jump
• Can catch a brawl with both hands
• Can catch a beanbag

Fine (Small) Motor Skills

• Builds direct block towers.
• Draws a house and person.
• Prints proper name.
• Forms crude shapes with clay.
• Cuts on lines with scissors.
• Brushes teeth, combs pilus and washes hands.
• Dresses self except for tying shoes.
• Develops hand preference.
• Dresses and undresses him/herself
• Tin can copy a simple blueprint
• Uses pair of scissors to cut a directly line

V to Half-dozen Years

Gross (Big) Motor Skills

• Whirls effectually, turns, somersaults and hangs on bars.
• Hops several times in a row.
• Climbs large play equipment.
• Jumps forward using a forrad arm action.
• Jumps up and down.
• Throws ball overhead with less trunk movement.
• Bounces a ball and catches the ball with elbows in front of her body.

Fine (Minor) Motor Skills

• Builds straight cake towers.
• Draws a house and person.
• Prints name.
• Forms crude shapes with clay.
• Cuts on lines with pair of scissors.
• Brushes teeth, combs hair and washes easily.
• Dresses cocky except for tying shoes.
• Develops mitt preference.

Six to Nine Years

• Growth rate slows.
• Requires around 11 hours of slumber each nighttime.
• Needs frequent residual.
• Establishes preference for one side of the trunk over the other.
• Has established which paw to utilize.
• Girls mature faster than boys.
• Coordination not fully developed.
• Runs, jumps, climbs, slides, and dances.
• Plays ball, tag, and take hold of.
• Improves writing skills.
• Engages in fine art activities.
• Plays musical instruments.
• Dresses and undresses self completely.

Nine to 12 Years

• Develops more developed-similar proportions.
• Develops harder, larger bones.
• Is sick less oftentimes.
• Extremely active.
• Starts developing secondary sex characteristics.
• May begin growth spurt.
• Develops interest in more specific motor skills such equally skating, bicycling, running and gymnastics.
• Engages in organized sports such as lawn tennis, baseball game, football, swimming, and golf.
• Has well developed small muscles.
• Refines writing.
• Develops special interests in activities such every bit model building, shop work, art classes, music and crafts.
• Tries new foods; has favorites.
• Eats neatly.

12 – 15 years of age

• Puberty: Rapid growth period
• Secondary sexual characteristics appear: grow body hair, increase perspiration and oil production in hair and skin
  • Girls – chest and hip evolution, the onset of menstruation
  • Boys – growth in testicles and penis, wet dreams, deepening of voice Tremendous concrete growth: gain acme and weight
• Trunk Paradigm
  • Preoccupation with physical changes and critical of appearance
  • Anxieties about secondary sexual characteristic changes
  • Peers used as a standard for normal advent (comparing of cocky to peers)

fifteen – 18 years of age

• Secondary sexual characteristics advanced
• 95% of adult summit reached
• Puberty is completed
• Concrete growth slows for girls, continues for boys
• Trunk Epitome
  • Less business about concrete changes but increased involvement in personal bewitchery
  • Excessive physical activity alternating with languor

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Source: https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/physical-development-in-children-and-adolescents/

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